ASTB-E practice test across MST, RCT, MCT and ANIT

A ship rocking from side to side about its fore-and-aft axis is ____.

1. Pitching
   Pitching is bow-up, bow-down motion about the side-to-side (lateral) axis.
2. Yawing
   Yawing is the bow swinging left and right about the vertical axis.
3. Heaving
   Heaving is the whole ship rising and falling straight up and down, with no rotation.
4. Rolling
   Rolling is the side-to-side motion about the fore-and-aft (longitudinal) axis.

ID 813287 · Report a problem

Something lying across a ship from side to side is said to lie ____.

1. Amidships
   Amidships names a location, the middle of the ship, not a crosswise direction.
2. Fore and aft
   Fore and aft is the opposite direction: lengthwise, bow to stern.
3. Athwartships
   Athwartships means across the ship, from one side to the other.
4. Abaft
   Abaft means behind or toward the stern relative to something.

ID 813290 · Report a problem

The backbone of a ship, running along the bottom centerline from bow to stern, is the ____.

1. Stem
   The stem is the forward-most upright part of the bow, where the keel ends.
2. Bulkhead
   A bulkhead is an upright wall dividing the hull into compartments.
3. Keel
   The keel runs along the bottom centerline from bow to stern; frames rise from it like ribs.
4. Bilge
   The bilge is the lowest inner space of the hull where water collects.

ID 813293 · Report a problem

Spring tides, which have the greatest tidal range, occur ____.

1. Near new and full moon
   Sun and Moon line up at new and full moon, so their tidal pulls add and the range is greatest.
2. Near quarter moons
   At quarter moons the pulls are at right angles, which gives the smallest range: neap tides.
3. Only at the equinoxes
   Equinoxes can make spring tides a little larger, but spring tides happen twice every lunar month.
4. Only in the spring season
   The name comes from the water "springing up," not from the season.

ID 813550 · Report a problem

Which of these is a recognized distress signal at sea?

1. Code flag Alpha
   Flag Alpha means "diver down, keep clear"; the distress flags are N over C.
2. A red parachute flare
   A rocket parachute flare showing a red light is one of the distress signals listed in the Rules (Annex IV).
3. A green star signal
   The listed distress signal is red stars fired one at a time; green stars are not a distress signal.
4. A single prolonged blast
   One prolonged blast is a routine signal, such as leaving a berth or nearing a bend; distress is a continuous sounding.

ID 813728 · Report a problem

Two power-driven vessels are crossing. The vessel that has the other on her own starboard side must ____.

1. Keep out of the way
   In a crossing situation the vessel that has the other on her own starboard side is the give-way vessel (Rule 15).
2. Alter course to port
   The give-way vessel should avoid crossing ahead and normally turns to starboard; a turn to port can cut across the other's bow.
3. Hold course and speed
   Holding course and speed is the duty of the stand-on vessel, the one that sees the other on her port side.
4. Sound five short blasts
   Five short blasts is the doubt or danger signal, not the crossing rule itself.

ID 813277 · Report a problem

If 3 identical aircraft engines cost $75,000 in total, what do 5 of these engines cost?

1. $45,000
   $45,000 sets up the ratio upside down, 3/5 of $75,000.
2. $125,000
   One engine costs $75,000 ÷ 3 = $25,000, so 5 engines cost 5 × $25,000 = $125,000.
3. $375,000
   $375,000 treats $75,000 as the price of one engine (5 × $75,000).
4. $225,000
   $225,000 multiplies $75,000 by 3 instead of dividing by 3.

ID 813124 · Report a problem

Five less than twice a number is 17. What is the number?

1. 11
   "Five less than twice a number" is 2n − 5, so 2n − 5 = 17, 2n = 22 and n = 11.
2. −6
   −6 writes the phrase backward as 5 − 2n = 17.
3. 8.5
   8.5 drops the "five less" and solves 2n = 17.
4. 6
   6 subtracts 5 from 17 instead of adding it (2n = 12).

ID 857536 · Report a problem

(x^3/2)⁴ = ?

1. x^3/8
   x^3/8 divides the exponent by 4 instead of multiplying.
2. x⁶
   A power of a power multiplies the exponents: (3/2) × 4 = 6, so x⁶.
3. x^81/16
   x^81/16 raises the exponent 3/2 itself to the fourth power.
4. x^11/2
   x^11/2 adds 4 to the exponent (3/2 + 4) instead of multiplying.

ID 858186 · Report a problem

51² − 49² = ?

1. 4
   4 = (51 − 49)² squares the difference; a² − b² is not (a − b)².
2. 100
   100 is only the factor 51 + 49; it still has to be multiplied by 51 − 49 = 2.
3. 200
   Use the difference of squares: 51² − 49² = (51 − 49)(51 + 49) = 2 × 100 = 200.
4. 2
   2 is only the factor 51 − 49; it still has to be multiplied by 51 + 49 = 100.

ID 858193 · Report a problem

A crate holds apples and oranges in the ratio 3: 5. After 6 apples are added, the ratio becomes 1: 1. How many oranges are in the crate?

1. 24
   24 = 8 × 3 is the original total of apples and oranges.
2. 9
   9 = 3 × 3 is the original number of apples.
3. 30
   30 is the total after the 6 apples are added (15 + 15).
4. 15
   Write the counts as 3k apples and 5k oranges; 3k + 6 = 5k gives k = 3, so there are 5 × 3 = 15 oranges.

ID 858213 · Report a problem

In how many ways can 3 of 7 officers be assigned as captain, executive officer, and navigator (one person per job)?

1. 210
   The jobs are different, so order matters: 7 × 6 × 5 = 210 assignments.
2. 343
   343 = 7³ lets one officer hold more than one job.
3. 21
   21 multiplies 7 officers by 3 jobs, which is not a counting rule.
4. 35
   35 = 210 ÷ 6 counts unordered groups of 3 and ignores who gets which job.

ID 858497 · Report a problem

The sum of a number and its reciprocal is 10/3. What is the larger possible value of the number?

1. 3/10
   3/10 is the reciprocal of the sum 10/3; 3/10 + 10/3 is not 10/3.
2. 3
   x + 1/x = 10/3 gives 3x² − 10x + 3 = (3x − 1)(x − 3) = 0, so x = 3 or 1/3; the larger is 3 (3 + 1/3 = 10/3).
3. 1/3
   1/3 is the other solution, and it is the smaller one.
4. 10/3
   10/3 is the sum itself, not the number; 10/3 + 3/10 is more than 10/3.

ID 858501 · Report a problem

The edge of cube A is twice the edge of cube B. The volume of cube A is how many times the volume of cube B?

1. 2
   2 is the ratio of the edges; volume does not scale like length.
2. 4
   4 = 2² is how the face area scales, not the volume.
3. 8
   Volume grows with the cube of the edge, so doubling the edge multiplies the volume by 2³ = 8.
4. 6
   6 multiplies 2 × 3 instead of raising 2 to the third power.

ID 858522 · Report a problem

What is the equation of a circle with center (2, −3) and radius 5?

1. (x + 2)² + (y − 3)² = 25
   (x + 2)² + (y − 3)² = 25 flips both signs; that circle is centered at (−2, 3).
2. (x − 2)² + (y + 3)² = 5
   (x − 2)² + (y + 3)² = 5 has the right center but forgets to square the radius.
3. (x − 2)² + (y + 3)² = 25
   The form is (x − h)² + (y − k)² = r²; with h = 2, k = −3 and r = 5 this is (x − 2)² + (y + 3)² = 25.
4. (x + 2)² + (y + 3)² = 25
   (x + 2)² + (y + 3)² = 25 flips only the x sign; its center is (−2, −3).

ID 890906 · Report a problem

A helicopter has a true airspeed of 120 knots and a 20-knot headwind. How long does it take to fly 150 nautical miles?

1. 1 h 30 min
   A headwind subtracts: ground speed = 120 − 20 = 100 knots, and 150 ÷ 100 = 1.5 h, which is 1 h 30 min.
2. 1 h 15 min
   1 h 15 min uses the 120-knot airspeed and ignores the wind (150 ÷ 120 = 1.25 h).
3. 1 h 4 min
   1 h 4 min adds the headwind (140 knots, 150 ÷ 140 ≈ 1.07 h); a headwind slows the helicopter.
4. 1 h 50 min
   1 h 50 min reads 1.5 h as 1 hour 50 minutes; 0.5 h is 30 minutes.

ID 970043 · Report a problem

A square landing pad has an area of 1,600 m². To the nearest meter, what is the distance from one corner to the opposite corner? (√2 ≈ 1.414)

1. 69 m
   69 m multiplies the side by √3 ≈ 1.73, the factor for a cube's space diagonal, not a square's.
2. 57 m
   The side is √1,600 = 40 m, and the diagonal is 40 × √2 ≈ 40 × 1.414 = 56.6, about 57 m.
3. 80 m
   80 m walks along two sides (40 + 40) instead of cutting straight across.
4. 40 m
   40 m is the side of the pad, not the corner-to-corner distance.

ID 970047 · Report a problem

An arithmetic sequence of 10 terms has first term 5 and sum 185. What is the common difference?

1. 3
   The sum is n/2 × (2a + (n − 1)d): 185 = 5 × (10 + 9d), so 10 + 9d = 37 and d = 3 (terms 5, 8, …, 32).
2. 2
   2 subtracts the first term once instead of ten times: (185 − 5) ÷ 90.
3. 1.5
   1.5 treats the average term 18.5 as the last term: (18.5 − 5) ÷ 9 = 1.5. The last term is 32.
4. 2.7
   2.7 uses n instead of n − 1 steps: 185 = 5 × (10 + 10d) gives d = 2.7.

ID 813642 · Report a problem

The probability of rain is 0.3 on Saturday and 0.4 on Sunday, independently. What is the probability that it rains on neither day?

1. 0.28
   0.28 = 0.7 × 0.4 is the chance of rain on Sunday only.
2. 0.12
   0.12 = 0.3 × 0.4 is the chance of rain on both days.
3. 0.30
   0.30 subtracts both rain chances from 1, which treats the two days as if rain could not fall on both.
4. 0.42
   No rain has probability 0.7 on Saturday and 0.6 on Sunday; independent events multiply, so 0.7 × 0.6 = 0.42.

ID 857062 · Report a problem

A vehicle moves at 66 feet per second. What is its speed in miles per hour? (1 mile = 5,280 feet)

1. 96.8 mph
   96.8 mph turns the conversion upside down, 66 × 5,280 ÷ 3,600.
2. 80 mph
   80 mph divides 5,280 by 66, which gives the seconds needed for one mile, not miles per hour.
3. 0.75 mph
   0.75 mph multiplies by 60 (feet per minute) instead of 3,600 seconds in an hour.
4. 45 mph
   In one hour it covers 66 × 3,600 = 237,600 feet, and 237,600 ÷ 5,280 = 45 miles, so 45 mph.

ID 9410004 · Report a problem

Which statement can be inferred only from the passage?

1. In a tactical formation, the wingmen are the ones who provide defensive coverage.
   The passage assigns roles directly: the lead navigates and decides, while "wingmen maintain position and provide defensive coverage."
2. Formation members keep strict radio silence during high-stress combat situations.
   The passage says communications must be concise and standard, which means members do talk; strict radio silence is not mentioned.
3. Tactical formations are used to reduce fuel consumption on long transit flights.
   The passage links formations to mutual support and combat effectiveness; fuel savings on transit flights come from outside the text.
4. Wingmen make the tactical decisions, while the lead aircraft concentrates on holding position.
   This swaps the two roles: the passage gives tactical decisions to the lead aircraft and position-keeping to the wingmen.

ID 813236 · Report a problem

Which statement can be inferred only from the passage?

1. LSO grades are used to decide which pilots should face disciplinary action.
   The passage ties grades to debriefs and training improvements; discipline is never mentioned.
2. Experienced LSOs grade the landings, while newer LSOs handle the radio calls.
   The passage gives every LSO both jobs, radio feedback and grading; it never splits them by experience.
3. The grades LSOs give each landing are used in debriefing pilots and improving training.
   The passage says LSO grades and comments "form the basis for pilot debriefs and training improvements," which is this statement in other words.
4. LSOs give pilots their feedback in a written report after the aircraft has landed.
   The passage says LSOs give "immediate feedback by radio" while the aircraft approaches, not a written report afterward.

ID 813237 · Report a problem

Which statement can be inferred only from the passage?

1. Experienced aviators can set aside weather minimums when the mission demands it.
   The passage says minimums keep an appropriate safety margin; it gives experienced aviators no way to set them aside.
2. Student pilots face stricter minimums because training aircraft carry fewer navigation instruments.
   The passage never gives a reason tied to the instruments of training aircraft.
3. Weather minimums are set by each pilot before the flight.
   The passage describes minimums as set standards that vary with aircraft, qualifications, and mission; it never lets the pilot set them.
4. Student pilots typically face stricter weather minimums than experienced aviators.
   The passage says student pilots "typically face more restrictive minimums than experienced aviators."

ID 813062 · Report a problem

Which statement can be inferred only from the passage?

1. Safe helicopter flight requires understanding effects such as vortex ring state.
   The passage ends by saying pilots must thoroughly understand effects such as vortex ring state to fly rotary-wing aircraft safely.
2. Vortex ring state troubles fixed-wing aircraft as much as helicopters.
   The passage lists vortex ring state among challenges unique to rotary-wing flight.
3. Helicopter aerodynamics closely follow fixed-wing principles.
   The first sentence says helicopter aerodynamics differ significantly from fixed-wing principles.
4. Helicopter pilots face fewer aerodynamic hazards than fixed-wing pilots.
   The passage lists hazards unique to helicopters but never compares how many hazards each type of pilot faces.

ID 813243 · Report a problem

Which statement can be inferred only from the passage?

1. Crewmembers attending a flight briefing are expected to ask questions rather than simply listen to the briefer.
   The passage says all participants "must actively engage, asking questions to resolve any uncertainties," so listening alone is not enough.
2. Crews that share a common mental model before flight make fewer errors than crews that skip the flight briefing.
   The passage says the briefing builds a shared mental model, but it makes no comparison of error rates with crews that skip it.
3. Flight briefings are led by the aircraft commander, who takes questions at the end of the session.
   The passage never says who leads the briefing, and questions are asked throughout, not saved for the end.
4. Emergency procedures are left out of the briefing when the forecast weather is good.
   Emergency procedures are listed among the topics that are systematically addressed, whatever the weather.

ID 813244 · Report a problem

Which statement can be inferred only from the passage?

1. The canopy must be jettisoned before the restraint system tightens and the rocket motor fires the seat.
   The passage lists the restraints tightening before the canopy jettisons, so this order is reversed.
2. On a modern seat, the ejection profile changes with the aircraft's airspeed, altitude, and attitude.
   The last sentence says modern seats have controllers that adjust the ejection profile based on airspeed, altitude, and attitude.
3. Modern ejection seats are safe at zero speed on the ground as well as in flight.
   The passage says the profile is adjusted to improve survival; it says nothing about ejecting on the ground at zero speed.
4. The pilot deploys the parachute manually once the seat has reached a safe distance from the aircraft.
   The passage says automated systems deploy the parachute after safe separation, so the pilot does not do it by hand.

ID 813245 · Report a problem

Which statement can be inferred only from the passage?

1. Carrier pilots take their approach guidance from the LSO's radio calls rather than from visual aids.
   The passage says visual guidance comes primarily from the optical landing system, a visual aid.
2. Because the tailhook must engage the arresting gear, carrier approaches are flown faster than approaches ashore.
   The tailhook is mentioned only in connection with the touchdown point; the passage says nothing about approach speed.
3. Pilots master carrier landing techniques in a simulator before their first shipboard landing.
   The passage says the procedures require extensive practice, but it never says where or that a simulator is enough.
4. A pilot's approach to a shore airfield is normally flatter than the approach the same pilot flies to a carrier.
   The passage contrasts the carrier's constant descent rate with "the flatter profile typical at shore facilities," so the shore approach is the flatter one.

ID 813246 · Report a problem

Which statement can be inferred only from the passage?

1. Compressibility could be predicted in wind tunnels, so early jet pilots knew to avoid it.
   The passage says early jet pilots discovered these effects "through often fatal experience," so the effects were not known in advance.
2. Swept wings were developed in part to delay the onset of compressibility effects.
   The last sentence says early pilots' experience "led to the development of swept wings and area-ruled fuselages that delay their onset."
3. Control surfaces stop working once an aircraft reaches transonic speed.
   The passage says control effectiveness "may suddenly decrease," not that the controls stop working.
4. Shock waves form at transonic speeds because jet engines cannot supply enough thrust.
   The passage says shock waves form because air cannot move aside quickly enough; engine thrust is not mentioned.

ID 813238 · Report a problem

Which statement can be inferred only from the passage?

1. The final phase of pre-deployment training is flown against actual adversary aircraft in the operating area.
   The passage says the final phase is flown against sophisticated simulated threats, not actual adversaries.
2. Performance gaps identified during pre-deployment training can delay an air wing's scheduled deployment date.
   The passage says gaps are identified and addressed before deployment, but nothing says they can delay the deployment date.
3. Individual aircraft tactics are left until the final phase of training.
   The passage puts individual aircraft tactics in the initial phases, not the final one.
4. Integrated operations with other naval assets come later in training than individual aircraft tactics.
   Training starts with individual aircraft tactics and later "advances to multi-aircraft formations and integrated operations," so integrated work comes later.

ID 813249 · Report a problem

Which statement can be inferred only from the passage?

1. Experienced aviators are less likely than new ones to deviate deliberately from procedures.
   Flight experience is never discussed; the link to fewer deviations is invented.
2. A commander's own behavior helps set the standard of flight discipline that is expected in a unit.
   The last sentence says commanders establish the expected standard "through personal example," so their own behavior helps set it.
3. Technical failures cause aviation mishaps more often than deliberate deviations do.
   The passage stresses mishaps caused by deliberate deviations and makes no count showing technical failures are more common.
4. Mission completion bias is acceptable as long as the circumstances of the mission have not changed.
   The passage calls for resisting mission completion bias; it never calls the bias acceptable under any circumstances.

ID 813253 · Report a problem

Which statement can be inferred only from the passage?

1. Navy cryptanalysts learned the meaning of 'AF' from a captured Japanese codebook.
   The passage says they confirmed the meaning with a planted uncoded message, not from a captured codebook.
2. The codebreakers' work was the main reason the United States won at Midway.
   The passage stops at the confirmation; it says nothing about how much the codebreakers decided the battle.
3. The uncoded message about the water plant was sent to help confirm what 'AF' meant.
   Cryptanalysts suspected 'AF' was Midway, and the uncoded message was sent "to confirm it," so the message was a test of that guess.
4. Midway's water distillation plant broke down shortly before the battle and had to be repaired.
   The passage says Midway was instructed to report a failure; it never says the plant actually broke or was repaired.

ID 813922 · Report a problem

Which statement can be inferred only from the passage?

1. Electronic warfare platforms protect friendly aircraft by jamming enemy missiles after they are launched.
   The passage says electronic warfare platforms disrupt sensor and communication networks; jamming missiles after launch is not mentioned.
2. Strike fighters carry out anti-submarine warfare over vast ocean areas.
   The passage gives strike fighters air-to-air and air-to-ground missions; anti-submarine warfare belongs to patrol aircraft and helicopters.
3. Anti-submarine warfare is a mission shared by maritime patrol aircraft and rotary-wing assets.
   Anti-submarine warfare appears twice in the passage: once for maritime patrol aircraft and once for rotary-wing assets.
4. Maritime patrol aircraft carry out search and rescue as well as surveillance over vast ocean areas.
   Search and rescue is assigned to rotary-wing assets, not to maritime patrol aircraft.

ID 813415 · Report a problem

In a pulley system, the effort force is 50 N and the mechanical advantage is 4. What load can be lifted?

1. 12.5 N
   12.5 N divides the effort by the MA, as if the pulleys made the load harder to lift.
2. 54 N
   54 N adds the MA to the effort (50 + 4) instead of multiplying.
3. 200 N
   Load = mechanical advantage × effort = 4 × 50 N = 200 N.

ID 716107 · Report a problem

A plank bridges a ditch, resting on supports at both ends. As a person walks across, the plank bends the most when the person is

1. midway between the two supports
   A beam on two supports has its largest bending moment, and so its greatest sag, with the load midway between the supports.
2. directly over one support
   Over a support the load goes straight into it and the plank barely bends.
3. one-quarter of the way across
   The plank bends at a quarter span, but less than at the middle.

ID 716119 · Report a problem

Which statement about the center of gravity of a solid object is TRUE?

1. It must always lie inside the object's material
   The CG of a ring or a boomerang lies in empty space.
2. It stays at the same point in the object when tilted
   The CG depends only on how the mass is spread through the object, so tilting does not move it within the object.
3. It moves to the lowest point when the object is tilted
   The object may settle so its CG is low, but the point itself does not move within the object.

ID 716124 · Report a problem

In a hand air pump, pulling the piston back enlarges the chamber and the intake valve opens. Why does the intake valve open?

1. Chamber pressure drops below outside pressure
   Pulling the piston enlarges the chamber, its pressure falls, and the higher outside pressure pushes the valve open.
2. Chamber pressure rises above outside pressure
   Higher chamber pressure would hold the intake valve shut and open the outlet.
3. The piston's suction pulls the valve open
   "Suction" is not a pulling force; the valve is pushed by the higher outside pressure.

ID 858054 · Report a problem

A block of wood whose density is ¾ that of water floats in a pond. What fraction of the block's volume is under water?

1. ¼
   ¼ is the fraction above the water, not under it.
2. ¾
   A floating object sinks until it displaces its own weight of water, so the submerged fraction equals its density ratio, ¾.
3. All of it
   Only an object as dense as water floats fully submerged.

ID 858090 · Report a problem

A 200-kg cart is pushed with a horizontal force of 500 N. Friction on the cart is 100 N. What is its acceleration?

1. 0.5 m/s²
   0.5 m/s² divides only the 100-N friction by the mass, as if friction were the net force.
2. 2 m/s²
   Net force = 500 − 100 = 400 N, and a = 400 ÷ 200 = 2 m/s².
3. 2.5 m/s²
   2.5 m/s² uses the 500-N push and forgets to subtract friction.

ID 970282 · Report a problem

A double-pane window has a thin, sealed layer of still air between two sheets of glass. Why does it lose less heat than a single thicker pane of glass?

1. Air is a poor conductor of heat
   The sealed air layer is a poor conductor of heat, so heat crosses it far more slowly than through solid glass.
2. Two panes reflect twice the heat
   Clear glass reflects little heat; the trapped air layer, not reflection, does the work.
3. Thin glass insulates better than thick
   Thicker glass would insulate slightly better, not worse; the gain comes from the air gap.

ID 858068 · Report a problem

Two identical bulbs are connected in parallel across a battery. Treating the battery as ideal, how brightly does each bulb glow compared with one bulb alone on the same battery?

1. Half as brightly
   Half is the voltage each bulb gets in series, not the parallel case.
2. Just as brightly
   In parallel, each bulb sits across the full battery voltage, so each carries the same current as a single bulb.
3. One-fourth as brightly
   One-fourth is roughly the power each bulb gets in series, where the bulbs share the voltage.

ID 857756 · Report a problem

A little water is boiled in an empty metal can, the can is sealed, and then it is cooled. The can crumples. What crushes it?

1. The water pulling the walls in
   Water cannot pull on the walls; only a pressure difference pushes them.
2. The metal shrinking as it cools
   Thermal shrinking is tiny and even; it cannot crumple a can.
3. The outside air pressure
   Cooling condenses the steam, the pressure inside falls far below atmospheric, and the outside air pressure crushes the can.

ID 858315 · Report a problem

A hammer and a feather are released together from the same height inside a vacuum chamber. Which reaches the bottom first?

1. The hammer lands first
   In air the hammer wins only because drag slows the light feather; the vacuum removes that drag.
2. The feather lands first
   Nothing makes the feather fall faster; with no air it keeps pace with the hammer.
3. Both arrive at once
   With no air resistance every object falls with the same acceleration, whatever its mass, so both arrive at once.

ID 858280 · Report a problem

Two motors each lift an identical 100-lb load through 30 feet. Motor A does it in 10 seconds and motor B in 20 seconds. How does motor A's power output compare with motor B's?

1. Half as great
   This flips the ratio: taking less time means more power, not less.
2. The same, since the work is equal
   Equal work is right, but power also depends on how fast the work is done.
3. Twice as great
   Both do the same work, 100 lb × 30 ft; A does it in half the time, so its power is twice as great.

ID 813254 · Report a problem

Why is a car radiator built with many thin metal fins?

1. To make the coolant flow through faster
   Fins are on the outside; coolant speed is set by the water pump.
2. To increase the area exposed to the air
   Heat leaves through the metal surface, so many thin fins give much more area for the passing air to carry heat away.
3. To keep the coolant from boiling over
   Boiling is controlled by the pressure cap and the cooling itself; fins only help the cooling.

ID 813260 · Report a problem

In October 1947, Chuck Yeager first exceeded Mach 1 in level flight in the ____.

1. Bell P-59 Airacomet
   The P-59 was the first U.S. jet (1942), but it was slow and never came near Mach 1.
2. Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket
   The Skyrocket was the first to reach Mach 2, in 1953, not Mach 1 in 1947.
3. Bell X-1
   Yeager flew the rocket-powered Bell X-1 "Glamorous Glennis" past Mach 1 on 14 October 1947.
4. Bell X-2
   The X-2 flew in the mid-1950s and reached Mach 3; it came after the X-1.

ID 813096 · Report a problem

Before a flight, where should a pilot check for a runway closed yesterday or a newly unlit obstruction that is not yet on the charts?

1. The Chart Supplement
   The Chart Supplement is published on a 56-day cycle, so yesterday's closure is not in it.
2. METARs
   METARs are routine weather observations at an airport.
3. PIREPs
   Pilot reports describe weather and turbulence that pilots meet in flight, not runway or obstacle status.
4. NOTAMs
   Notices to Air Missions carry time-critical changes, such as closed runways and unlit obstructions, before charts catch up.

ID 813108 · Report a problem

A wind that shifts clockwise, for example from north to east, is said to be ____.

1. Backing
   Backing is the opposite: a counterclockwise shift, such as east to north.
2. Freshening
   Freshening describes a wind growing stronger, not changing direction.
3. Moderating
   Moderating means the wind is easing in strength.
4. Veering
   A veering wind shifts clockwise, for example from north to east.

ID 813156 · Report a problem

DME displays the ____ distance to the station.

1. Slant-range
   DME times a radio signal to and from the station, so it measures the straight line from the aircraft up high to the station.
2. Along-track
   Along-track distance is measured on the route, as GPS can compute; DME has no route information.
3. Horizontal ground
   Ground distance is shorter than slant range; the difference is largest when the aircraft is high and close to the station.
4. Great-circle
   Great-circle distance is the shortest path over the Earth's surface, again a ground measure.

ID 813158 · Report a problem

Which wing member runs spanwise from root to tip and carries the main bending loads?

1. Longeron
   Longerons are the main lengthwise members of the fuselage, not the wing.
2. Spar
   Spars run root to tip and carry the main bending loads of the wing.
3. Rib
   Ribs run chordwise, front to back, and give the wing its airfoil shape.
4. Stringer
   Stringers are light spanwise stiffeners that keep the skin from buckling; they are not the main load path.

ID 813186 · Report a problem

A transponder operating in Mode C sends ATC its ____.

1. Code plus GPS position
   GPS position is broadcast by ADS-B Out, not by a Mode C reply.
2. Code only
   Code only is Mode A.
3. Code plus indicated airspeed
   A Mode C reply carries no airspeed.
4. Code plus pressure altitude
   Mode C adds the encoder's pressure altitude to the four-digit code.

ID 813082 · Report a problem